The Vaccine Intelligence Report: December 18-January 7

The Vaccine Intelligence Report—brought to you by Vaccinate Your Family—provides clear, fact-based updates on vaccine policy, research, and public health each week. This report is part of Viral Truths, a resource designed to cut through the noise, offering concise information to help navigate the evolving immunization landscape.

THIS WEEK AT A GLANCE

  • The CDC announced an updated childhood vaccine schedule that recommends all children be vaccinated against 11 diseases—down from 17—while shifting other vaccines to high-risk groups or shared clinical decision-making recommendations
    • All vaccines remain covered by insurance, including through the Vaccines for Children program 
    • The move has been criticized by medical organizations, experts, and government officials, many of whom warn the revisions could lead to preventable illness and death and reaffirm their support for evidence-based vaccine recommendations
  • CMS removed Medicaid reporting requirements related to vaccination status, which will impact ability to track vaccination gaps and prevent outbreaks 
  • The advisory committee for the VICP met in December, signaling potential priorities for program changes in 2026  
  • The AAP filed a lawsuit against HHS after the department canceled $12 million in grants—a move the group says will directly impact the health of children and families   
  • Early and severe flu activity continues to rise nationwide, reaching levels not seen in decades   

NEED TO KNOW

CDC Announces Scaled-Back Recommended Childhood Vaccine Schedule

For further information on the updated schedule, see the Reality Check section below.

  • On Monday (January 5), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced changesto the U.S. childhood immunization schedule that scale back the number of vaccines routinely recommended for children. 
  • The new schedule recommends that children be vaccinated against 11 diseases—down from 17 under the previous guidelines.
    • Now recommended for all children are vaccinations against measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), pneumococcal disease, human papillomavirus (HPV), and varicella (chickenpox).  
    • Note: CDC now recommends only a single dose of the HPV vaccine instead of two, as it did previously.  
  • For the vaccines that were previously recommended for all children (Covid, influenza, hepatitis A and B, meningitis, and rotavirus), the CDC now advises vaccination based on shared clinical decision-making—meaning recommendations are individually based and informed by consultation between parents and healthcare providers.  
  • Several vaccines are also recommended for certain high-risk groups or populations:
    • Hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for international travel to areas with high or intermediate disease prevalence. 
    • Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for infants born to women who test positive for the virus or whose status is unknown. For women who test negative and decide to vaccinate based on shared clinical decision-making, it is suggested the initial dose is administered no earlier than two months of age.  
    • Meningococcal disease vaccines (both meningococcal ACWY and B) are recommended for high-risk groups. MenACWY is also recommended for those traveling to countries with high disease prevalence and first-year college students, and MenB is recommended during outbreaks. 
    • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunization is recommended for all children whose mother was not vaccinated during pregnancy, and a second dose is recommended for high-risk children.  
    • Dengue is recommended only if living in areas with endemic dengue and with a laboratory confirmation of previous dengue infection. 
    • Note: the details of the recommendations for RSV and dengue remain the same as under the previous CDC schedule, but the type of recommendation has been reclassified.   
  • In an HHS press release, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Administrator Dr. Mehmet Oz confirmed that all vaccines will remain covered by insurance without cost-sharing.  
  • The schedule overhaul was not based on any new data about the safety or efficacy of vaccines. Instead, it was based on an assessment comparing the U.S. with “20 peer, developed nations,” in accordance with a December directive from President Donald Trump. As CDC Acting Director, Jim O’Neill accepted the assessment’s recommendations, which are set to take effect immediately. 
    • Notably, the move circumvented the agency’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), which has historically voted on changes to the vaccine schedules. 
  • Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) Robert F. Kennedy Jr. said the change is “aligning the U.S. childhood vaccine schedule with international consensus,” but most peer countriesrecommend between 13 to 16 vaccines for all children.
    • Further, many of these countries recommend vaccines the U.S. removed from its broad recommendation list, including hepatitis B, rotavirus, and meningococcal disease.   

Responses to Vaccine Schedule Changes Highlight Concerns over Public Health Impact and Scientific Process

  • The overhaul of the childhood vaccine schedule has received sharp condemnation from medical organizations, experts, and current and former public officials.
  • States also pushed back against the change, with many affirming they would follow guidance from medical organizations.

Medical and Public Health Organizations

  • Public health groups highlighted potential population-level consequences, noting that reductions in vaccine coverage—even if modest—can increase the risk of outbreaks of highly contagious diseases, particularly in communities with already low immunization rates.
    • Vaccinate Your Family (VYF) underscored that “the science behind these vaccines has not changed,” and that arbitrary changes to the recommended schedule will put communities at risk.  
  • Across statements and interviews, medical and public health leaders encouraged families to rely on discussions with trusted healthcare providers and on evidence-based recommendations when making vaccination decisions.  

Vaccine and Public Health Experts

  • Prominent U.S. vaccine and public health experts condemned the decision to change the recommended childhood schedule, raising concerns about the scientific basis for the changes and their potential impact on child health and disease prevention. 
  • A number of these individuals—including Dr. Anders Peter Hviid, who leads vaccine safety and effectiveness research at the Statens Serum Institut in Denmark—cautioned against the U.S. using another country’s vaccine guidance: “Public health is not one size fits all.”   

Federal Government Officials & State Governments

  • Prominent elected officials criticized the schedule overhaul for endangering children, particularly without scientific input or transparency.
    • Senator Bill Cassidy (R-LA), who has publicly criticized a number of Kennedy’s vaccine policy changes, reiterated that “The vaccine schedule IS NOT A MANDATE. It’s a recommendation giving parents the power.”
    • Other Senators put out statements, including Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY), Ron Wyden (D-OR), and Angela Alsobrooks (D-MD).
    • House Representatives Diana DeGette (D-CO), John B. Larson (D-CT), and Dr. Kim Schrier (D-WA) also released statements. Schreir also led a letter signed by 115 representatives urging Kennedy to reinstate the previous schedule.  
  • Former health officials—including Dr. Helen Chu, former ACIP member; Dr. Demetre Daskalakis, former Director of the CDC’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; and Dr. Daniel Jernigan, former Director of the CDC’s National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases—said the move will endanger the health of Americans and cause confusion.
    • They further underscored the need for scientific justification and the involvement of experts in pediatrics, infectious diseases and immunology in changes to the recommended vaccine schedule. 

CMS Removes Medicaid Immunization Reporting Requirements Amid Declining Childhood Coverage

  • States will no longer be required to report the vaccination status of children and adolescents enrolled in Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Plan (CHIP), per a December 30 memofrom CMS Deputy Administrator Dan Brillman. 
    • Previously, states reported the share of Medicaid- and CHIP-covered patients who were immunized as part of CMS’s Core Sets—a set of standardized quality measures used by the agency and states to assess healthcare performance. Notably, states have only been required to report the Child Core Set of quality measures, which includes vaccination status, since 2024. 
    • Four immunization-related measures have been removed from the 2026 Core Sets, including those covering prenatal, childhood, and adolescent vaccination status. 
  • Kennedy has alleged that the prior reporting requirements could penalize physicians or pressure families to vaccinate, and some conservative allies have claimed that the measures tied Medicaid and CHIP payments to prenatal and childhood vaccination rates.
  • However, CMS Core Sets are reporting tools, not payment mechanisms, and federal Medicaid and CHIP payments are not conditioned on performance of immunization measures.
    • This is underscored in the CMS memo, which states that the agency “does not tie payment to performance on immunization quality measures in Medicaid and CHIP at the federal level” and that states retain discretion to design their own purchasing and incentive programs that may or may not incorporate quality measures. 
  • Public health experts have raised concerns that eliminating these reporting requirements will reduce the availability of data needed to identify vaccination gaps, potentially hindering outbreak prevention efforts and contributing to lower vaccine uptake and increased spread of preventable diseases. 
  • Amid already-declining childhood vaccination rates nationwide, this policy change eliminates a key tool for assessing immunization levels and Medicaid programs, and risks further undermining vaccine confidence and compounding the impact of other recent changes such as the new recommended schedule. 

VICP Advisory Committee Convenes Once in 2025, Offering Signals on Potential 2026 Priorities

  • The Advisory Committee on Childhood Vaccines(ACCV), which advises the HHS Secretary on implementation of the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP), held its first—and only—meetingof 2025 on December 29. 
    • Established in 1986, the VICP provides a streamlined, court-based process for compensating individuals found to have been injured by covered vaccines that are recommended for routine administration to children or pregnant women, without requiring these individuals to go through the burdensome process of proving negligence in court. 
  • Several committee members were absent due to the holiday timing, and no votes were held, resulting in no formal policy recommendations. However, public comments and discussion during the meeting highlighted several issues that may shape ACCV’s agenda in 2026.
    • Participants pointed to potential program improvements, including increasing the number of special masters who adjudicate claims, expanding VICP coverage to include adult vaccines, updating compensation award caps, and transferring Covid vaccines from the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP) into the VICP. 
    • The possibility of adding autism—which is not currently listed on the VICP’s Vaccine Injury Table because of the lack of scientific evidence—was again raised. Kennedy and HHS staff are reportedly exploring changes that would allow children with autism-like symptoms to qualify for compensation. 
    • Experts have emphasized that any causal link between vaccines and autism has been thoroughly discredited and cautioned that expanding eligibility in this way could expose the VICP to an overwhelming volume of claims, potentially threatening the program’s long-term viability. 
  • As of now, no ACCV meetings have been scheduled for 2026. 

HHS Cancels AAP Grants; Pediatricians Sue, Warning of Disruptions to Child-Health Programs

  • On December 17, HHS canceled multiple federal grants awarded to AAP, saying the awards “no longer align with the Department’s mission or priorities.”
    • The grants, totaling nearly $12 million, supported programs spanning sudden infant death prevention, adolescent health, rural health access, mental health, early identification of autism, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevention.
    • AAP CEO Mark Del Monte warned the cuts “will directly impact and potentially harm infants, children, youth, and their families in communities across the United States.” 
  • In response to the grant terminations, AAP filed a lawsuit seeking to block the cuts and restore funding while the case proceeds. The group argues the abrupt cancellations jeopardize ongoing child health initiatives and could force layoffs and program shutdowns.  
  • The suit alleges that the cuts were made in retaliation to AAP’s public opposition to Trump administration health policies. The group has been a vocal critic of vaccine-related actions taken by Kennedy, and some policy disputes have already spilled into federal court.
    • In August 2025, AAP initially broke from CDC vaccine guidance by continuing to recommend Covid vaccination for all children. The divide has since widened—as evidenced by AAP’s recent condemnation of the CDC’s updated childhood vaccine schedule.  
    • In July 2025, a coalition of major medical organizations led by AAP filed a lawsuit against Kennedy, alleging that the Secretary’s overhaul of the ACIP was unlawful. The plaintiffs further argue that all subsequent ACIP votes should be voided, including the vote to change the recommendation for universal hepatitis B vaccination at birth. 

OUTBREAK OUTLOOK

Flu Season Intensifies in the U.S., With Activity Reaching Highest Levels in Decades 

  • Flu activity is high or very high in 45 states and continues to rise across the country, according to the latest national surveillance data. 
    • Activity is elevated and earlier than has been typical in recent years, raising concerns about sustained transmission through late winter.
    • Much of this season’s activity and severity is being driven by the subclade K variant of influenza A. 
  • The share of patients seeking care for flu-like illness has reached its highest level since the CDC began tracking the metrics in 1997, highlighting this season’s especially high transmission and severity.
    • For the week ending December 27, the CDC reported that nearly 1 in 10 outpatient doctor visits nationwide (8.4%) were for flu-like illness. 
    • The CDC estimates that there have been at least 11 million cases, 120,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths so far this flu season.  
    • Nine pediatric flu deaths have been reported to date this season, including recent deaths reported in Illinois, Massachusetts, and Ohio.  
  • Notably, despite a flu season marked by unusually high activity and severity, the recent updates made to the pediatric vaccine schedule actually weaken flu vaccine recommendations for children.  

CDC Reports Very High Respiratory Illness Levels for First Time this Season; Research Underscores Benefits of Vaccination

  • Respiratory illness activity is on the rise beyond flu—as of Monday (January 5), over half of states are experiencing high or very high activity.
  • Amid an intense respiratory virus season, recently published research highlights the benefits of respiratory vaccines and the risks of infection.
    • New studies of nirsevimab—a long-acting monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunization that confers passive immunity, offering protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) for infants and children under 2 years—have demonstrated the protective effects of the intervention.
      • A U.S. study found that nirsevimab was 81% effective in reducing RSV hospitalizations among newborns and infants younger than 6 months.
      • A recent meta-analysis of over 250,000 infants suggests that nirsevimab was associated with reductions in respiratory-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits beyond those attributable to RSV, potentially broadening protection during early life.
    • A large meta-analysis of RSV vaccines found that they significantly reduced lower respiratory tract illness and RSV-associated acute respiratory illnesses in adults ages 60 and older.
    • Additionally, a small study found that in-utero exposure to Covid in unvaccinated mothers may predispose children to altered brain volumes and higher rates of developmental delays, anxiety, and depression in early childhood, though longer-term outcomes remain under study. 

Measles and Pertussis Case Counts Continue to Rise Amid Declining Vaccination Rates

  • As of December 31, the U.S. had recorded 2,071total measles cases in 2025, the highest annual total since 1992. Recent increases remain largely concentrated in ongoing outbreaks, but cases are also emerging in new states. 
    • As of Tuesday (January 6), the Upstate South Carolina outbreak reached 211 cases, including 26 cases since Friday (January 2).
      • Officials in North Carolina reported one new case linked to this outbreak. 
    • Utah and Arizona recorded 175 and 214 total cases, respectively, during 2025 (through the week ending January 3, 2026).  
    • Measles exposures and confirmed cases have also been reported in California, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, and New Mexico.  
  • End of year reports on 2025 rates of pertussis (whooping cough) in the U.S. were also high. Over the course of the year the U.S. saw more than 28,000 cases—a decrease from 2024, but still four times higher than 2023 levels. 
    • Several states reported record numbers of pertussis (whooping cough) cases in 2025: 
      • Alabama saw 961 cases of whooping cough in 2025, nearly double its 2024 total (503). 
      • Arkansas reported more than 500 whooping cough cases across over 50 counties, marking the highest total since the state began collecting data 15 years ago.  
      • Florida’s more than 1,400 whooping cough cases marked a five-year high and is more than double the cases reported in 2024. 
      • Oregon reported 1,546 cases in 2025—the state’s highest since 1950.  
    • These spikes are due in part to decreasing vaccination rates, including for the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTaP) series.
      • Experts warn that this could contribute both to continued rises in whooping cough, as well as in severe, non-communicable diseases like tetanus. 

REALITY CHECK

These fact checks respond to several recent claims made by different groups and individuals.

CLAIM: The updated childhood vaccine schedule will maintain robust protection against infectious diseases that cause serious morbidity and mortality to children.  

  • REALITY: The changes made to the U.S. childhood vaccine schedule (announced January 5) remove or weaken routine recommendations for multiple vaccines that protect against diseases known to seriously harm or kill children, which is likely to lead to lower population-level vaccination rates.  
  • The CDC’s updated schedule has ended universal recommendations for vaccines against rotavirus, Covid, influenza, meningococcal disease, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B, instead advising that decisions about vaccinating against these diseases be made by parents and their children’s healthcare providers.
    • Under the new schedule, the CDC is also limiting its guidance for vaccines against RSV, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, dengue (which is only recommended for those in endemic areas such as Puerto Rico and American Samoa), meningococcal ACWY, and meningococcal B to only those that belong to certain groups deemed “high risk.”  
    • These updates follow the changes already made by ACIP in 2025 to the guidance for pediatric vaccination against Covid, and the removal of the universal hepatitis B birth dose recommendation.
  • All of these vaccines target diseases that cause serious illness, hospitalization, long-term harm, and/or death:
    • Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children and infants worldwide and before routine vaccination began in 2006, the disease caused hundreds of thousands of visits to doctors’ offices and ERs, up to 70,000 hospitalizations, and up to 60 deaths in children each year.  
    • Influenza hospitalizes thousands of children each year in the U.S. and pediatric deaths are reported every season (with an average of 80%of influenza-related pediatric deaths occurring in unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children). The 2024-25 season saw 289 pediatric flu deaths—the highest number of deaths since reporting began in 2004. The 2025-26 season has already seen 9 pediatric fludeaths so far. 
    • Meningococcal disease causes infections that progress rapidly and can become fatal within hours. Even with treatment, the disease has a 10-15% fatality rate and up to 20% of survivorsexperience permanent disabilities such as hearing loss, brain damage, or limb amputation.  
    • RSV is the leading cause of hospitalizationamong infants in the U.S., responsible for up to 80,000 hospitalizations in children under 5 each year, with infants under 8 months old at the highest risk. 
    • Covid has caused thousands of pediatric hospitalizations and hundreds of deaths among children in the U.S. since 2020 and also has led to serious complications such as MIS-C(Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children), which often requires intensive care.  
    • Hepatitis A is highly contagious and, while rare, can lead to hospitalization, acute liver failure, and/or transmission to adults in the household who face higher risk of complications.  
    • Hepatitis B infections occurred in an average of 18,000 newborns each year in the U.S. prior to the introduction of the universal birth dose recommendation in 1991. Those infected with hepatitis B before 1 year of age have a 90% chance of developing chronic infection which can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer.  
  • Routine childhood vaccines have long been included in the schedule because decades of evidence show that the benefits far outweigh the risks and that they are the most reliable way to protect children from serious disease and death.
    • The latest updates to the schedule undermine evidence-based recommendations, reducing protection and likely leading to more preventable illness, hospitalizations, and child deaths in the U.S. 

CLAIM: There isn’t enough scientific evidence on the benefits and risks of childhood vaccines—in order for parents, patients, and clinicians to trust vaccines, we need strong clinical and observational evidence and that doesn’t exist currently. 

  • REALITY: This claim is false. Robust clinical and observational evidence for all vaccines historically included on the routine childhood immunization schedule already exists, and has long served as the basis for U.S. vaccine policy and guidance.  
  • In the U.S., before a vaccine is approved it must first go through multiple phases of clinical trials involving thousands of participants to demonstrate safety and effectiveness and be extensively reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before it can be used broadly. For example:
    • The pediatric hepatitis B vaccine was evaluated in wide range of randomized controlled trials before licensure and followed by long-term cohort studies involving millions of children worldwide, all of which show the vaccine’s efficacy in near complete prevention of chronic infection when administered in infancy.  
    • Influenza vaccines for children have been evaluated in multiple randomized controlled trials, including placebo-controlled pediatric trials that enrolled thousands of children, and the risks and benefits of these vaccines are reassessed annually through large observational studies.  
    • Tens of thousands of children and adolescents were evaluated in randomized control trials for meningococcal vaccines (MenACWY and MenB)—these trials have demonstrated a strong risk benefit profile for the vaccines, and the vaccines continue to be monitored.  
  • Randomized trials—including placebo-controlled trials—are a standard part of vaccine approval, and in cases where placebo use is unethical (because an established vaccine with demonstrated efficacy exists already), equally rigorous FDA-accepted trial designs and extensive post-market surveillance are required instead.  
  • Further, review and evidence monitoring does not stop after approval. Vaccines are continuously evaluated through large, long-running observational studies that track real-world outcomes in millions of children.  
  • The U.S. uses multiple, overlapping, national-level safety surveillance systems—including the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS), V-Safe, and the Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) Project—to ensure that any possible rare or unexpected adverse events are quickly detected, investigated, and responded to.
    • These systems have helped identify real vaccine risks. In the late 1990s, for example, VAERS reports identified an increased risk of intussusception (a type of bowel obstruction) after the original rotavirus vaccine was introduced. This early warning led to the vaccine being withdrawn, preventing further harm, leading to additional studies and the approval of an improved rotavirus vaccine with a more favorable risk-benefit profile.  
  • Additionally, prior to the most recent changes, robust independent expert review of all vaccines—including childhood vaccines—was long required and already existed. For decades the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) publicly evaluated clinical trial data, observation studies, and post-marketing surveillance data before making any recommendations or changing any guidance.
    • Other large independent scientific and medical bodies, including the Institute of Medicine (now the National Academy of Medicine), have conducted comprehensive reviews of vaccine risks and benefits, and have repeatedly concluded that the evidence supporting routinely recommended pediatric vaccines is strong.  
  • The recent changes to the schedule—that have been made without the public presentation of new scientific data—departs from this long-standing, transparent, and evidence driven review process, undermining the previously held standards and processes for evaluating the risks and benefits of vaccines.

CLAIM: The U.S. childhood vaccination schedule recommends far more doses than those of other peer countries—U.S. guidance should be brought into alignment with the vaccine schedules used internationally. 

  • REALITY: The claim that the U.S. recommends far more vaccines for children than its peers is misleading and relies on heavily on imperfect cross-country comparisons that shift drastically depending on how vaccine doses are counted (e.g. combination vs single antigen, inclusion of boosters, varying age cutoffs) and can significantly inflate differences.
  • In reality, the U.S. and other high-income countries protect children against a largely overlapping set of serious vaccine-preventable diseases.
    • A review of childhood immunization schedules across 30 countries overseen by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) shows that most European countries recommend vaccines protecting children against 15 or more diseases. This includes Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, and Poland, while Austria recommends vaccination against 17 diseases.
  • Differences in the number and timing of doses across countries reflect variations in country-specific epidemiology, healthcare systems, and policy considerations and are not a reflection of any sort of consensus that more or fewer doses are better or safer. For example:
    • Many high-income peer countries have different health system realities than the U.S., such as universal healthcare coverage, near-universal well-child visit attendance, comprehensive national immunization registries, and centralized school-based vaccination programs.  
    • Some of these countries may space doses further apart or use fewer boosters because they experience lower disease incidence or different outbreak patterns—every country’s pediatric immunization schedule is designed and adapted to reflect their unique country profile.  
  • Further, there is no single “international standard” for childhood vaccine schedules. Even across high-income or Western European countries, schedules differ on dose timing, booster frequency, and vaccine combinations.  
  • U.S. childhood vaccine recommendations have been developed specifically to reflect our national profile, accounting for the domestic disease burden, healthcare access gaps, and historical patterns and experience with outbreaks, among other factors.
    • Differences between U.S. and foreign schedules reflect intentional, evidence-based choices made to protect children in the specific context of the U.S. healthcare system—not a failure to follow other countries’ models.    

WHAT TO WATCH

HHS Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines to Hold First Meeting in Over a Year

  • Senator Ron Johnson (R-WI), chair of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, is requesting HHS records related to FDA Director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Dr. Vinay Prasad’s claims of pediatric deaths linked to the Covid vaccine. 
    • ACIP Vice Chair Dr. Robert Malone and other members of the committee have also called for the FDA to publicly release the data and findings.   
  • Although FDA Commissioner Dr. Marty Makary saidin November that they would make information on the deaths available, the agency has not yet provided any data to substantiate these claims. 

Supreme Court Signals Potential Support for Looser Vaccine Requirements

  • In December, the Supreme Court signaled that it may not support stricter state school vaccine requirements, such as in New York, which does not allow for religious exemptions.
    • New York eliminated religious exemptions after a large measles outbreak in 2019 that was concentrated among Orthodox Jewish communities. Childhood vaccination rates against measles have since increased—but still remain far below the needed level for herd immunity. 
  • The Court vacated a lower-court ruling upholding the state’s ban on religious exemptions and directed the Second Circuit to reconsider the case in light of a recent ruling on religious freedom.
    • The Supreme Court did not direct the lower appeals court to reach a particular result, but this could indicate that vaccines will be on the docket in 2026. 

Vaccinate Your Family is a nonpartisan organization dedicated to protecting people of all ages from vaccine-preventable diseases. To learn more, visit us at: vaccinateyourfamily.org

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